Silent Epidemic: Prostate Cancer Rates Skyrocket Across Uganda

Kampala — Prostate cancer, already the most frequently diagnosed cancer among Ugandan men, is rising sharply and presenting late, health experts warn. Current estimates place Uganda’s age-standardized incidence around the low 40s per 100,000 men — far above many African peers — and new models project the rate could climb to about 60.5 per 100,000 by 2030 if trends continue.

Doctors say the country’s cancer services are overwhelmed by advanced disease. Data from the Uganda Cancer Institute show that a large share of patients arrive with metastatic illness: bone metastases are common, and spinal cord compression affected roughly 31% of patients in one major series, underscoring the human cost of delayed care. 

Rural studies reveal additional concerns: in a 2024 review of men treated with prostatectomy in southwestern districts, about 22.9% had prostate cancer on histology, indicating significant undetected disease in community settings and low screening uptake. 

Experts point to multiple drivers: an ageing population, limited screening and awareness, few urologists outside major centres, and system delays that stretch months from first symptoms to diagnosis. The result is higher morbidity, costly treatments, and preventable suffering for men and families across the country. 

Health advocates are calling for a national push — public education, expanded PSA testing in primary care, training for clinicians, and faster referral pathways — to detect disease earlier and reduce the heavy burden of advanced prostate cancer on Uganda’s health system and communities. 

(Reporting: Dr Mukalazi Jamilu Phytotherapist)

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