Wallpaper: A Brief History and Guide to Selection
Vishal Chavan
Origins and Early Uses of Wallpaper
Wallpaper has been used to decorate interior walls for centuries, with some of the earliest known use dating back to China in the 15th century. During this time, hand-painted rice paper and woodblock prints were applied to wall surfaces for wealthy homes. The technique soon spread throughout Asia and into Europe. In Europe, hand-painted wallpaper became popular among aristocracy in the 17th and 18th centuries as a sign of wealth and status. Early European wallpaper featured extravagant decorative designs painted by skilled artisans.
Advancements in Manufacturing Techniques
Mass production of wallpaper began in England in the late 18th century with advances in printing technology. The first commercial wallpaper printing machine was patented in 1790, which helped drive down costs and make wallpaper accessible to more households. Throughout the 1800s, further mechanization allowed for faster and cheaper wallpaper printing. New pigments and finishes were also introduced, expanding the range of textures, patterns and colors available to consumers. By the early 20th century, wallpaper had become commonplace in homes across Europe and North America thanks to industrialized production.
Modern Materials and Printing Methods
Today, wallpaper is produced using both traditional hand-printing techniques as well as advanced digital printing methods. Many papers feature non-woven or vinyl surfaces for easier installation and increased durability. This allows wallpaper to be used in higher-traffic areas like kitchens that see more wear and tear. Digital printing has expanded design possibilities, with some papers mimicking the look of fine-art paintings or photography. Metallics, textures, and even self-adhesive variants are now possible. Whether machine-printed or hand-crafted, modern wallpapers offer diverse options to suit any interior style or budget.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Wallpaper
Pattern and Color
Pattern and color are understandable primary concerns when selecting wallpaper. Patterns range from subtle textures to bold floral or geometric designs. Solid color papers are also popular options. Consider how the wallpaper's pattern and hue will interact with and complement other design elements in the room. Busier patterns tend to make a small room feel more enclosed.
Material and Texture
Feel and durability are important practical qualities to consider. Traditional non-woven papers have a soft, matte texture but require careful installation. Vinyl-coated papers have a smoother, wipeable surface and are more resistant to moisture. Some papers feature unusual textures like grasscloth or metallic flecks. Select a material well-suited to the wallpaper's location and your homeowners needs.
Care Requirements
Ease of care also factors into your decision. Low-maintenance vinyl wallpapers can be wiped clean with a damp cloth. Non-woven and paper varieties may require more delicate spot cleaning. Consider how much time you want to dedicate to wallpaper upkeep. Papers or washable will need less frequent touch-ups.
Budget
Naturally, cost plays a significant role in wallpaper selection. Vinyl papers typically provide the best value, while hand-printed options can carry premium price tags. Estimate materials and labor for installation upfront to ensure your wallpaper choice fits within budget guidelines for the project.
With so many options in pattern, material and price, there is a wallpaper to suit any style vision or practical need. Choosing wallpaper involves weighing aesthetic preferences against everyday liveability factors. Evaluating these qualities will lead to a wallpaper selection you love for years to come.
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